Document Text Contents
Page 2
Participial phrases Participial phrases generally occur after nouns.generally occur after nouns.
They are actuallyThey are actually reducedreduced (shortened)(shortened) relativerelative
clauses. Present participlesclauses. Present participles (which always end in(which always end in --
ing)ing) are used to reduce adjective clauses thatare used to reduce adjective clauses that
contain active verbs.contain active verbs.
* Minnesota,* Minnesota, which joined the Union inwhich joined the Union in 1858,1858,
became the thirty-second state.became the thirty-second state.
(adjective clause with active verb)(adjective clause with active verb)
* Minnesota,* Minnesota, joining the Unio joining the Union inn in 1858, became1858, became
the thirty-second state.the thirty-second state.
(participial phrase with a present parti(participial phrase with a present participle)ciple)
Page 11
12. Amber is a hard, yellowish-brown ______ of years12. Amber is a hard, yellowish-brown ______ of years
ago.ago.
______ ______ (A) substance form(A) substance formeded
______ ______ (B) to form a s(B) to form a substanceubstance
______ ______ (C) substance h(C) substance has formedas formed
______ ______ (D) forming a (D) forming a substancesubstance
Participial phrases Participial phrases generally occur after nouns.generally occur after nouns.
They are actuallyThey are actually reducedreduced (shortened)(shortened) relativerelative
clauses. Present participlesclauses. Present participles (which always end in(which always end in --
ing)ing) are used to reduce adjective clauses thatare used to reduce adjective clauses that
contain active verbs.contain active verbs.
* Minnesota,* Minnesota, which joined the Union inwhich joined the Union in 1858,1858,
became the thirty-second state.became the thirty-second state.
(adjective clause with active verb)(adjective clause with active verb)
* Minnesota,* Minnesota, joining the Unio joining the Union inn in 1858, became1858, became
the thirty-second state.the thirty-second state.
(participial phrase with a present parti(participial phrase with a present participle)ciple)
Page 11
12. Amber is a hard, yellowish-brown ______ of years12. Amber is a hard, yellowish-brown ______ of years
ago.ago.
______ ______ (A) substance form(A) substance formeded
______ ______ (B) to form a s(B) to form a substanceubstance
______ ______ (C) substance h(C) substance has formedas formed
______ ______ (D) forming a (D) forming a substancesubstance
