Table of Contents
Front cover
Half title page
Title page
Copyright page
Contributors
Preface
HOW TO APPROACH PHARMACOLOGY
SUFFIXES AS CUES FOR REMEMBERING DRUG CLASSES
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Table of contents
Introduction
HISTORY
SCOPE OF PHARMACOLOGY
Part 1: Principles of Pharmacology
Chapter 1: Pharmacodynamics: Mechanisms of Drug Action
DRUG-RECEPTOR INTERACTIONS
DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIPS
MULTISTATE MODEL OF DRUG ACTION
RECEPTOR-INDEPENDENT DRUG ACTIONS
CITED REFERENCES
GENERAL REFERENCES
Chapter 2: Pharmacokinetics:
PASSAGE OF DRUGS ACROSS MEMBRANES
ABSORPTION
DISTRIBUTION
METABOLISM
EXCRETION
TIME COURSE OF DRUG ACTION
PHARMACOKINETIC-PHARMACODYNAMIC MODELING
CITED REFERENCES
GENERAL REFERENCES
Chapter 3: Pharmacotherapeutics:
FACTORS INFLUENCING DRUG EFFECTS
ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS
DEVELOPMENT OF NEW DRUGS
SOURCES OF DRUG INFORMATION
CITED REFERENCES
GENERAL REFERENCES
Chapter 4: Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics
PHARMACOKINETICS AND PHARMACODYNAMICS
PHENOTYPE AND GENOTYPE
MONOGENIC VERSUS POLYGENIC PHENOTYPES
ETHNIC DIFFERENCES IN PHARMACOGENETICS
PHARMACOGENETICS OF DRUG METABOLISM
PHARMACOGENETIC POLYMORPHISMS IN DRUG TARGETS
IMPLICATIONS FOR DENTISTRY
CITED REFERENCES
GENERAL REFERENCES
Part 2: Pharmacology of Specific Drug Groups
Chapter 5: Introduction to Autonomic Nervous System Drugs
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
NEUROTRANSMITTERS
ADRENERGIC NEUROTRANSMISSION
CHOLINERGIC TRANSMISSION
SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION AND SECOND MESSENGERS
DOPAMINERGIC TRANSMISSION
PURINERGIC TRANSMISSION
PEPTIDE TRANSMISSION AND CO-RELEASE OF NEUROTRANSMITTERS
CENTRAL CONTROL OF AUTONOMIC FUNCTION
SPECIFIC SITES AND MECHANISMS OF ACTION OF AUTONOMIC DRUGS
CITED REFERENCES
GENERAL REFERENCES
Chapter 6: Adrenergic Agonists
HISTORY
CLASSIFICATION OF ADRENERGIC DRUGS AND RECEPTORS
CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIPS
PHARMACOLOGIC EFFECTS
ABSORPTION, FATE, AND EXCRETION
GENERAL THERAPEUTIC USES
THERAPEUTIC USES IN DENTISTRY
ADVERSE EFFECTS
CITED REFERENCES
GENERAL REFERENCES
Chapter 7: Adrenergic Antagonists
HISTORY
SELECTIVE α1-ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS
NONSELECTIVE α-ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS
β-ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS
DRUGS WITH COMBINED α-ADRENERGIC AND β-ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST ACTIVITY
DRUGS THAT REDUCE SYMPATHETIC OUTFLOW
IMPLICATIONS FOR DENTISTRY
CITED REFERENCES
GENERAL REFERENCES
Chapter 8: Cholinergic Drugs
CHOLINOMIMETIC AGONISTS
ANTICHOLINESTERASES
GENERAL THERAPEUTIC USES
THERAPEUTIC USES IN DENTISTRY
CITED REFERENCES
GENERAL REFERENCES
Chapter 9: Antimuscarinic Drugs
CHEMISTRY AND CLASSIFICATION
MECHANISM OF ACTION
PHARMACOLOGIC EFFECTS
ABSORPTION, FATE, AND EXCRETION
GENERAL THERAPEUTIC USES
ADVERSE EFFECTS
DRUG INTERACTIONS
BOTULINUM TOXIN
THERAPEUTIC USES IN DENTISTRY
IMPLICATIONS FOR DENTISTRY
CITED REFERENCES
GENERAL REFERENCES
Chapter 10: Drugs Affecting Nicotinic Receptors*
DRUGS AFFECTING GANGLIONIC TRANSMISSION
DRUGS AFFECTING NEUROMUSCULAR TRANSMISSION
CITED REFERENCES
GENERAL REFERENCES
Chapter 11: Introduction to Central Nervous System Drugs*
INVESTIGATION OF THE BRAIN
ANATOMIC ORGANIZATION OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
SYNAPTIC ORGANIZATION OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
BIOCHEMICAL ORGANIZATION OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
RELEASE OF NEUROTRANSMITTER
RECEPTOR BINDING AND SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION
TERMINATION OF NEUROTRANSMITTER EFFECT
Termination of the Effects of Central Nervous System Drugs
CITED REFERENCES
GENERAL REFERENCES
Chapter 12: Psychopharmacology:
MAJOR PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS
ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS
ANTIDEPRESSANTS
ANTIMANICS
CITED REFERENCES
GENERAL REFERENCES
Chapter 13: Sedative-Hypnotics, Antianxiety Drugs, and Centrally Acting Muscle Relaxants*
BENZODIAZEPINES
BENZODIAZEPINE-LIKE SEDATIVE-HYPNOTICS
MELATONIN RECEPTOR AGONISTS
BARBITURATES
CHLORAL HYDRATE AND OTHER SEDATIVE-HYPNOTICS
ANTIHISTAMINES
GENERAL THERAPEUTIC USES OF SEDATIVE-HYPNOTICS
AZASPIRODECANEDIONES
CENTRALLY ACTING MUSCLE RELAXANTS
β-ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR-BLOCKING DRUGS
α2-ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR AGONIST DRUGS
IMPLICATIONS FOR DENTISTRY
CITED REFERENCES
GENERAL REFERENCES
Chapter 14: Anticonvulsants*
CLASSIFICATION OF EPILEPTIC DISORDERS
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
ANTICONVULSANT THERAPY
CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIPS
HYDANTOINS
BARBITURATES
CARBAMAZEPINE
VALPROIC ACID
SUCCINIMIDES
DRUGS AFFECTING γ-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID TRANSMISSION
MISCELLANEOUS ANTICONVULSANTS
NONPHARMACOLOGIC TREATMENTS
GENERAL THERAPEUTIC USE
IMPLICATIONS FOR DENTISTRY
CITED REFERENCES
GENERAL REFERENCES
Chapter 15: Anti-Parkinson Drugs*
NEUROBIOLOGY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
DOPAMINE REPLACEMENT AS A BASIS FOR THERAPY
DRUG THERAPY FOR PARKINSON’S DISEASE
SURGICAL THERAPY
DRUGS USED FOR OTHER MOVEMENT DISORDERS
IMPLICATIONS FOR DENTISTRY
CITED REFERENCES
GENERAL REFERENCES
Chapter 16: Local Anesthetics
CHEMISTRY AND CLASSIFICATION
MECHANISM OF ACTION
PHARMACOLOGIC EFFECTS
ABSORPTION, FATE, AND EXCRETION
ADVERSE EFFECTS
DRUG INTERACTIONS
GENERAL THERAPEUTIC USES
USES IN DENTISTRY
PREPARATIONS AND DOSAGE
CITED REFERENCES
GENERAL REFERENCES
Chapter 17: Principles of General Anesthesia
HISTORY
COMMON TERMS
GOALS OF ANESTHESIA
MECHANISMS OF ANESTHESIA
UPTAKE AND DISTRIBUTION OF INHALATION ANESTHETICS
ELIMINATION AND METABOLISM OF ANESTHETIC GASES
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF INHALATION ANESTHETICS
PHARMACOLOGIC EFFECTS OF INHALATION ANESTHETICS
ADMINISTRATION OF ANESTHETIC GASES
CITED REFERENCES
GENERAL REFERENCES
Chapter 18: Agents Used in General Anesthesia and Sedation
INHALATION AGENTS
INTRAVENOUS AGENTS
ANESTHETIC ADJUVANTS AND PREMEDICATION
CITED REFERENCES
GENERAL REFERENCES
Chapter 19: Introduction to Antinociceptive Drugs
PATHWAYS OF OROFACIAL PAIN
PERIPHERAL MECHANISMS OF PAIN AND ANALGESIC DRUG ACTIONS
CENTRAL MECHANISMS OF PAIN AND ANALGESIC DRUG ACTIONS
MOLECULAR-GENETIC INFLUENCES ON PAIN AND ANALGESIC DRUG ACTIONS
THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES FOR USING ANTINOCICEPTIVE DRUGS
CITED REFERENCES
Chapter 20: Opioid Analgesics and Antagonists
OPIOID ANALGESICS
MIXED AGONIST-ANTAGONISTS AND OPIOID RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS
USE OF OPIOIDS IN THE CONTROL OF PAIN
USES IN DENTISTRY
IMPLICATIONS FOR DENTISTRY
CITED REFERENCES
GENERAL REFERENCES
Chapter 21: Nonopioid Analgesics, Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs, and Antirheumatic and Antigout Drugs
CAUSE OF INFLAMMATION
NONSTEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS
ACETAMINOPHEN
COMBINATION ANALGESICS
MISCELLANEOUS AGENTS FOR RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
DRUGS USED TO TREAT GOUT
CITED REFERENCES
GENERAL REFERENCES
Chapter 22: Histamine and Histamine Antagonists
HISTAMINE
HISTAMINE ANTAGONISTS
CITED REFERENCES
GENERAL REFERENCES
Chapter 23: Drugs for Treating Orofacial Pain Syndromes
PHARMACOLOGY AND CHRONIC PAIN
SEROTONIN (5-HYDROXYTRYPTAMINE)
DRUGS FOR ACUTE TREATMENT OF MIGRAINE
DRUGS FOR MIGRAINE PROPHYLAXIS AND OTHER CHRONIC PAIN SYNDROMES
DRUGS FOR MUSCULOSKELETAL PAIN
DRUGS FOR NEUROPATHIC PAIN
OTHER DRUGS USED FOR OROFACIAL PAIN
IMPLICATIONS FOR DENTISTRY
CITED REFERENCES
GENERAL REFERENCES
Chapter 24: Antiarrhythmic Drugs
BASIC CARDIAC ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY
ORIGINS OF ARRHYTHMIAS
eletrocardiography AND COMMON ARRHYTHMIAS
ANTIARRHYTHMIC DRUGS
IMPLICATIONS FOR DENTISTRY
CITED REFERENCES
GENERAL REFERENCES
Chapter 25: Drugs Used in Treating Heart Failure
CARDIAC MUSCLE CONTRACTION AND HEART FAILURE
DRUGS USED IN THE TREATMENT OF CHRONIC HEART FAILURE
DIGOXIN
CONDITIONS AFFECTING DIGOXIN THERAPY
DRUGS USED FOR ACUTE THERAPY OF HEART FAILURE
IMPLICATIONS FOR DENTISTRY
CITED REFERENCES
GENERAL REFERENCES
Chapter 26: Antianginal Drugs
NITRITES AND NITRATES
β-ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR–BLOCKING DRUGS
Ca++ CHANNEL BLOCKERS
RANOLAZINE
COMBINATION THERAPY
PREVENTION OF MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
IMPLICATIONS FOR DENTISTRY
CITED REFERENCES
GENERAL REFERENCES
Chapter 27: Diuretic Drugs
CLASSES OF DIURETICS
IMPLICATIONS FOR DENTISTRY
CITED REFERENCES
GENERAL REFERENCES
Chapter 28: Antihypertensive Drugs
CLINICAL ASPECTS OF HYPERTENSION
DIURETICS
DRUGS AFFECTING ANGIOTENSIN
CA++ CHANNEL BLOCKERS
DRUGS REDUCING SYMPATHETIC FUNCTION
MISCELLANEOUS DRUGS
TREATMENT OF HYPERTENSION
IMPLICATIONS FOR DENTISTRY
CITED REFERENCES
GENERAL REFERENCES
Chapter 29: Lipid-Lowering Drugs
CHOLESTEROL AND ATHEROSCLEROSIS
THERAPEUTIC AGENTS
COMBINED-DRUG THERAPY
CITED REFERENCES
GENERAL REFERENCES
Chapter 30: Antianemic and Hematopoietic Stimulating Drugs
ANEMIA
OTHER MINERALS AND HEMATOPOIESIS
PORPHYRIA
THALASSEMIA
VITAMIN B12, FOLIC ACID, AND MEGALOBLASTIC ANEMIA
HEMATOPOIETIC GROWTH FACTORS
RED BLOOD CELL SUBSTITUTES AND PLASMA EXTENDERS
IMPLICATIONS FOR DENTISTRY
CITED REFERENCES
GENERAL REFERENCES
Chapter 31: Procoagulant, Anticoagulant, and Thrombolytic Drugs
HEMOSTASIS
PROCOAGULANT AGENTS
AGENTS THAT PROMOTE OR INHIBIT FIBRINOLYSIS
ANTICOAGULANTS
PLATELET INHIBITORS
IMPLICATIONS FOR DENTISTRY
CITED REFERENCES
GENERAL REFERENCES
Chapter 32: Drugs Acting on the Respiratory System
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF ASTHMA
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE
DRUGS USED TO TREAT ASTHMA
PHARMACOTHERAPY FOR ASTHMA
ASPIRIN-INDUCED ASTHMA
PHARMACOTHERAPY FOR CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE
IMPLICATIONS FOR DENTISTRY
DRUGS FOR MILD RESPIRATORY ILLNESSES
CITED REFERENCES
GENERAL REFERENCES
Chapter 33: Drugs Acting on the Gastrointestinal Tract
GASTRIC HYPERACIDITY, GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE, AND PEPTIC ULCER DISEASE
DRUGS USED TO REDUCE GASTRIC ACID and treat peptic ulcer disease
ANTISIALAGOGUES
EMETICS AND ADSORBENTS
ANTIEMETICS
LAXATIVES
ANTIDIARRHEAL AGENTS
GASTROINTESTINAL STIMULANTS
IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME
ADVERSE REACTIONS OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM TO DRUGS
CITED REFERENCES
GENERAL REFERENCES
Chapter 34: Pituitary, Thyroid, and Parathyroid Pharmacology
HYPOTHALAMIC AND PITUITARY HORMONES
POSTERIOR PITUITARY HORMONES
ANTERIOR PITUITARY HORMONES
THYROID HORMONES
THYROID DISORDERS
DRUGS USED IN THE TREATMENT OF HYPERTHYROIDISM
IMPLICATIONS FOR DENTISTRY
HORMONES OF Ca++ HOMEOSTASIS
CITED REFERENCES
GENERAL REFERENCES
Chapter 35: Adrenal Corticosteroids
GENERAL PHYSIOLOGIC AND PHARMACOLOGIC ACTIONS
ABSORPTION, FATE, AND EXCRETION
GENERAL THERAPEUTIC USES
THERAPEUTIC USES IN DENTISTRY
ADVERSE EFFECTS
IMPLICATIONS FOR DENTISTRY
PREPARATIONS
CITED REFERENCES
GENERAL REFERENCE
Chapter 36: Insulin, Oral Hypoglycemics, and Glucagon
insulin and the ENDOCRINE PANCREAS
DIABETES MELLITUS
ORAL ANTIHYPERGLYCEMIC AGENTS
MISCELLANEOUS DRUGS USED IN THE TREATMENT OF DIABETIC PATIENTS
GLUCAGON
IMPLICATIONS FOR DENTISTRY
CITED REFERENCES
GENERAL REFERENCES
Chapter 37: Steroid Hormones of Reproduction and Sexual Development*
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
MECHANISM OF ACTION
THERAPEUTIC USES
ADVERSE EFFECTS
DRUG INTERACTIONS
HORMONE ANTAGONISTS AND PARTIAL AGONISTS
IMPLICATIONS FOR DENTISTRY
PEPTIDE HORMONES
CITED REFERENCES
GENERAL REFERENCES
Chapter 38: Principles of Antibiotic Therapy*
INFECTIOUS DISEASE PAST AND PRESENT
PATTERNS OF ANTIBIOTIC USE AND MISUSE
ANTIBIOTIC MECHANISMS OF ACTION
MICROBIAL RESISTANCE TO ANTIBIOTICS
SPECIFIC RESISTANCE MECHANISMS
RESISTANCE IN MAJOR MICROBIAL PATHOGENS
SPECIFIC ANTIMICROBIAL AGENT RESISTANCE
FACTORS INFLUENCING ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY
ANTIBIOTIC PHARMACOKINETICS AND PHARMACODYNAMICS
PRINCIPLES OF ANTIBIOTIC DOSING
COMBINATION ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY
ANTIBIOTIC FAILURES
HOST-MICROBE-ANTIBIOTIC INTERACTIONS
ANTIBIOTIC ADVERSE REACTIONS
NEW ANTIMICROBIAL APPROACHES
CITED REFERENCES
GENERAL REFERENCES
Chapter 39: Antibacterial and Antibiotic Drugs*
OROFACIAL INFECTIONS
ANTIBACTERIAL ANTIMICROBIAL DRUGS
CITED REFERENCES
Chapter 40: Antifungal and Antiviral Agents
ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS
ANTIVIRAL AGENTS
ANTIVIRAL THERAPY IN THE ORAL CAVITY
CITED REFERENCES
GENERAL REFERENCES
Chapter 41: Immunotherapy
OVERVIEW OF SPECIFIC IMMUNITY
IMMUNOTHERAPEUTIC AGENTS
CITED REFERENCES
GENERAL REFERENCES
Chapter 42: Antineoplastic Drugs
HISTORY OF CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY
PRINCIPLES OF CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY
CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC DRUGS
TARGETED ANTINEOPLASTIC THERAPY
COMBINATION THERAPY
IMPLICATIONS FOR DENTISTRY
CITED REFERENCES
GENERAL REFERENCES
Chapter 43: Aliphatic Alcohols
ETHANOL
METHANOL
ISOPENTANOL
ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL
ETHYLENE GLYCOL
PROPYLENE GLYCOL
CITED REFERENCES
GENERAL REFERENCES
Chapter 44: Anticaries Agents*
SYSTEMIC FLUORIDE
TOPICAL FLUORIDE
FLUORIDE TOXICOLOGY
CITED REFERENCES
GENERAL REFERENCES
Chapter 45: Antiplaque and Antigingivitis Agents*
RATIONALE FOR BIOFILM DRUG THERAPY
PHARMACOKINETICS OF THE ORAL CAVITY
IDEAL PROPERTIES OF ANTIPLAQUE AGENTS
ANTIPLAQUE AND ANTIGINGIVITIS AGENTS
LIMITATIONS OF TOPICAL ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY
FUTURE DIRECTIONS
CITED REFERENCES
GENERAL REFERENCES
Chapter 46: Antiseptics and Disinfectants
HALOGENS AND HALOGEN-RELEASING COMPOUNDS
ALDEHYDES
PHENOLS AND RELATED COMPOUNDS
ALCOHOLS
SURFACE-ACTIVE AGENTS
OXIDIZING COMPOUNDS
HEAVY METALS
USES IN DENTISTRY
CITED REFERENCES
Part 3: Special Subjects in Pharmacology and Therapeutics
Chapter 47: Analgesic Use for Effective Pain Control*
PAIN CLASSIFICATION
PAIN ASSESSMENT
MISCONCEPTIONS REGARDING PAIN AND ANALGESICS
CHOICE OF ANALGESIC REGIMEN
CITED REFERENCES
Chapter 48: Management of Fear and Anxiety
GENERAL PRINCIPLES
PHARMACOLOGIC APPROACHES
MINIMAL AND MODERATE SEDATION
DEEP SEDATION AND GENERAL ANESTHESIA
REVERSAL AGENTS
SUMMARY
CITED REFERENCES
GENERAL REFERENCES
Chapter 49: Antibiotic Prophylaxis
PRINCIPLES OF ANTIBIOTIC PROPHYLAXIS
PREVENTION OF METASTATIC INFECTIONS
EVIDENCE BASE FOR ANTIBIOTIC PROPHYLAXIS
POTENTIAL BUT UNDOCUMENTED ANTIBIOTIC PROPHYLAXIS SITUATIONS
DENTAL SURGICAL PROPHYLAXIS
FUTURE OF ANTIBIOTIC PROPHYLAXIS
CITED REFERENCES
Chapter 50: Oral Complications of Cancer Therapy
ORAL COMPLICATIONS OF CHEMOTHERAPY
HEMATOPOIETIC CELL TRANSPLANTATION
ORAL COMPLICATIONS OF RADIATION THERAPY FOR CANCER
SUMMARY
CITED REFERENCES
GENERAL REFERENCES
Chapter 51: Drugs of Abuse
HISTORIC PERSPECTIVE
DRUG ABUSE CHARACTERISTICS AND TERMINOLOGY
ABUSE OF OPIOID ANALGESICS
ABUSE OF SEDATIVE-HYPNOTICS
ABUSE OF AMPHETAMINES, COCAINE, AND OTHER PSYCHOMOTOR STIMULANTS
ABUSE OF HALLUCINOGENS
ABUSE OF MARIJUANA
ABUSE OF INHALANTS
POLYDRUG ABUSE
IMPLICATIONS FOR DENTISTRY
CITED REFERENCES
GENERAL REFERENCES
Chapter 52: Toxicology
GENERAL PRINCIPLES
PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT OF POISONING
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY IN DENTISTRY
SPECIFIC TOXICANTS
CITED REFERENCES
Chapter 53: Geriatric Pharmacology
PHYSIOLOGIC CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH AGING
NONPHYSIOLOGIC ASPECTS OF AGING
PHARMACOLOGIC CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH AGING
IMPLICATIONS FOR DENTISTRY
CITED REFERENCES
GENERAL REFERENCES
Chapter 54: Drugs for Medical Emergencies
EMERGENCY PREPARATION
EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS
EMERGENCY DRUGS
CITED REFERENCES
GENERAL REFERENCES
Chapter 55: Prescription Writing and Drug Regulations
PRESCRIPTION
DRUG LAWS
CITED REFERENCES
Chapter 56: Use of Herbs and Herbal Dietary Supplements in Dentistry
REGULATIONS AND QUALITY CONTROL
TYPES OF HERBAL DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS AND RELATED BOTANICAL PRODUCTS
INTEGRATED HEALTH CARE AND DENTISTRY
SOURCES OF RELIABLE INFORMATION
CITED REFERENCES
GENERAL REFERENCES
APPENDIX 1: Drug Interactions in Clinical Dentistry
APPENDIX 2: Glossary of Abbreviations
Index
