Table of Contents
1818_fm
Front Matter
Dedication
Foreword
Acknowledgments
About the Author
About the Book
Figures and Tables
Preface
Table of Contents
Bibliography
Index
1818_bib
Front Matter
Table of Contents
Bibliography
Index
1818_pref
Front Matter
Preface
Table of Contents
Bibliography
Index
1818_toc
Front Matter
Dedication
Foreword
Acknowledgments
About the Author
About the Book
Figures and Tables
Preface
Table of Contents
1. Introduction to Manufacturing Processes
1.1 Manufacturing
1.1.1 Process
1.1.2 Other Process Topics
1.2 Process Classification
1.2.1 Blasting Cap Plant
1.2.2 Characterizing the Processes in Blasting Cap Plant
1.2.3 Other Process Examples
1.3 Process Properties
1.3.1 Properties for Process Classification
1.4 Batch Process Definition
1.4.1 Batch Process
1.4.2 Standard Definition
1.4.3 Semi-Batch Process
1.5 Auxiliary Processes
1.6 Process Boundaries
1.7 Summary
2. Introduction to Process Design and Construction
2.1 Initial Steps
2.2 Process Flow Diagram
2.3 Analysis
2.4 Piping & Instrument Diagram
2.5 Loop Sheets
2.6 Example of Process Design and Construction
2.6.1 Process Flow Diagram
2.6.2 Batch Design
2.6.3 Construction
2.7 Modular Design
2.7.1 Pressure Control Example
2.7.2 Function Blocks
2.8 Summary
3. Introduction to Process Control
3.1 Types of Control
3.1.1 Regulatory
3.1.2 Discrete Control
3.1.3 Sequential Control
3.2 Constraint Control
3.2.1 Alarms
3.2.2 Overrides
3.2.3 Interlocks
3.2.4 Interlock Variations
3.3 Summary
4. Controlled Equipment
4.1 Introduction to Controlled Equipment
4.2 The Role of Humans in Process Control
4.3 Process Equipment
4.4 Controlled Process Equipment
4.5 Examples of Controlled Equipment
4.5.1 Batch Reactor
4.5.2 Associated Reactor Control
4.5.3 Agitator
4.5.4 Bioreactor
4.5.5 Mobile Reactor
4.5.6 Mixer
4.5.7 Transport Header
4.5.8 Heat Exchanger
4.5.9 Distillation Column
4.5.10 Centrifuge
4.6 Common Equipment
4.7 Summary
5. Recipes
5.1 Definitions
5.2 NAMUR
5.3 Recipes
5.3.1 Evolution of Recipes
5.3.2 Changing from Drums to Digital Computers
5.3.3 Modular Programming
5.3.4 Separating Recipe and Equipment Programming
5.4 Summary
6. 88 Physical Models
6.1 Modeling
6.1.1 Models in 88.01
6.2 Batch Processes and Equipment in 88.01
6.2.1 Batch Processes
6.2.2 Physical Model
6.2.3 Process Cell Classification
6.3 Other Physical Models
6.3.1 Plant Physical Model
6.3.2 Enterprise Model
6.4 Control in the Physical Model
6.4.1 Process Control Physical Model
6.4.2 The Control Part of Controlled Equipment
6.4.3 Abstract Communication Problem
6.4.4 Control Communications Models
6.5 Summary
7. 88 Batch Control Concepts, Part 1
7.1 Structure for Batch Control
7.1.1 Basic Control
7.1.2 Procedural Control
7.1.3 Coordination Control
7.2 Equipment Entities
7.2.1 Relationship Model
7.2.2 Control in Equipment Entities
7.2.3 Structuring Equipment Entities
7.3 Summary
8. 88 Batch Control Concepts, Part 2
8.1 Recipes
8.1.1 Recipe Types
8.1.2 Recipe Contents
8.1.3 Recipe-Equipment Relationship
8.1.4 Recipe Transportability
8.2 Summary
9. 88 Batch Control Concepts, Part 3
9.1 Production Plans and Schedules
9.2 Production Information
9.2.1 Batch-Specific Information
9.2.2 Common Information
9.2.3 Batch History
9.2.4 Batch Reports
9.3 Allocation and Arbitration
9.3.1 Allocation
9.3.2 Arbitration
9.4 Modes and States
9.4.1 Modes
9.4.2 States
9.5 Exception Handling
9.6 Summary
10. 88 Perspective and Review
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Before SP88
10.2.1 Purdue Workshop WG4
10.2.2 NAMUR
10.2.3 Batch Control Systems
10.2.4 Computer Integrated Manufacturing
10.2.5 Purdue Reference Model
10.3 During SP88
10.3.1 The Equipment
10.3.2 The Procedure
10.3.3 The Formula
10.3.4 The Recipe
10.3.5 Production Plans and Schedules
10.3.6 Production Information
10.3.7 Arbitration and Allocation
10.3.8 Modes and States
10.3.9 Exception Handling
10.4 Summary
11. 88 Control Activities and Functions, Part 1
11.1 Control Activities
11.1.1 Control Activity Model
11.1.2 Information Handling
11.1.3 Process and Control Engineering
11.2 Recipe Management
11.2.1 Manage General Recipes
11.2.2 Define General Recipe Procedural Elements
11.2.3 Manage Site Recipes
11.2.4 Manage Master Recipes
11.2.5 Define Master Recipe Procedural Elements
11.3 Production Planning and Scheduling
11.4 Production Information Management
11.4.1 Receiving and Storing Batch History Information
11.4.2 Manipulating Historical Data
11.4.3 Producing Batch Reports
11.5 Summary
12. 88 Control Activities and Functions, Part 2
12.1 Process Management
12.1.1 Manage Batches
12.1.2 Manage Process Cell Resources
12.1.3 Collect Batch and Process Information
12.2 Unit Supervision
12.2.1 Acquire and Execute Procedural Elements
12.2.2 Manage Unit Resources
12.2.3 Collect Batch and Unit Information
12.3 Process Control
12.3.1 Execute Equipment Phases
12.3.2 Execute Basic Control
12.3.3 Collect Data
12.4 Personnel and Environmental Protection
12.5 Summary
13. 88 Definitions
13.1 Definitions
13.2 Other Definitions
13.3 Summary
14. Further 88 Clarifications
14.1 Definitions
14.2 Physical Model
14.2.1 Modules Revisited
14.3 Batch Control Concepts
14.3.1 Modules and Phases
14.3.2 Equipment Entities and the Purdue Reference Model
14.3.3 Exception Handling
14.3.4 Modes and States
14.3.5 Recipe Operations
14.3.6 Alternative to Unit Procedures
14.3.7 The Agitator Problem
14.3.8 The Common Valve Problem
14.4 Batch Control Activities
14.4.1 Recipe Translation
14.4.2 Executing Procedural Elements
14.4.3 Recipe Computations
14.4.4 Operator Interaction
14.5 Procedure Function Charts
14.6 A Word About Control Systems
14.6.1 Data Owner
14.6.2 Programming Languages
14.6.3 Displays
14.7 Summary
15. Generic 88 Implementation
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Designing Batch Process Control
15.2.1 Know Process Design
15.2.2 Know How to Operate
15.2.3 Know Modules, Phases
15.2.4 Know Normal Operations
15.2.5 Know Exceptions
15.2.6 Know All There Is to Know
15.3 Summary
16. Role of 95 and Other Things
16.1 Joining 95 and 88
16.1.1 Interfaces
16.1.2 Missing Interfaces
16.2 The Role of STEP
16.3 Expanding the Scope of 88
16.3.1 Why Expand 88
16.3.2 Features of 88
16.3.3 Back to 95
16.4 Fieldbus
16.4.1 History
16.4.2 Future for Batch Control
16.4.3 Control in the Field
16.4.4 User-Defined Function Blocks
16.5 Summary
Bibliography
Index
1818_01
Front Matter
Table of Contents
1. Introduction to Manufacturing Processes
1.1 Manufacturing
1.1.1 Process
1.1.2 Other Process Topics
1.2 Process Classification
1.2.1 Blasting Cap Plant
1.2.2 Characterizing the Processes in Blasting Cap Plant
1.2.3 Other Process Examples
1.3 Process Properties
1.3.1 Properties for Process Classification
1.4 Batch Process Definition
1.4.1 Batch Process
1.4.2 Standard Definition
1.4.3 Semi-Batch Process
1.5 Auxiliary Processes
1.6 Process Boundaries
1.7 Summary
Bibliography
Index
1818_02
Front Matter
Table of Contents
2. Introduction to Process Design and Construction
2.1 Initial Steps
2.2 Process Flow Diagram
2.3 Analysis
2.4 Piping & Instrument Diagram
2.5 Loop Sheets
2.6 Example of Process Design and Construction
2.6.1 Process Flow Diagram
2.6.2 Batch Design
2.6.3 Construction
2.7 Modular Design
2.7.1 Pressure Control Example
2.7.2 Function Blocks
2.8 Summary
Bibliography
Index
1818_03
Front Matter
Table of Contents
3. Introduction to Process Control
3.1 Types of Control
3.1.1 Regulatory
3.1.2 Discrete Control
3.1.3 Sequential Control
3.2 Constraint Control
3.2.1 Alarms
3.2.2 Overrides
3.2.3 Interlocks
3.2.4 Interlock Variations
3.3 Summary
Bibliography
Index
1818_04
Front Matter
Table of Contents
4. Controlled Equipment
4.1 Introduction to Controlled Equipment
4.2 The Role of Humans in Process Control
4.3 Process Equipment
4.4 Controlled Process Equipment
4.5 Examples of Controlled Equipment
4.5.1 Batch Reactor
4.5.2 Associated Reactor Control
4.5.3 Agitator
4.5.4 Bioreactor
4.5.5 Mobile Reactor
4.5.6 Mixer
4.5.7 Transport Header
4.5.8 Heat Exchanger
4.5.9 Distillation Column
4.5.10 Centrifuge
4.6 Common Equipment
4.7 Summary
Bibliography
Index
1818_05
Front Matter
Table of Contents
5. Recipes
5.1 Definitions
5.2 NAMUR
5.3 Recipes
5.3.1 Evolution of Recipes
5.3.2 Changing from Drums to Digital Computers
5.3.3 Modular Programming
5.3.4 Separating Recipe and Equipment Programming
5.4 Summary
Bibliography
Index
1818_06
Front Matter
Table of Contents
6. 88 Physical Models
6.1 Modeling
6.1.1 Models in 88.01
6.2 Batch Processes and Equipment in 88.01
6.2.1 Batch Processes
6.2.2 Physical Model
6.2.3 Process Cell Classification
6.3 Other Physical Models
6.3.1 Plant Physical Model
6.3.2 Enterprise Model
6.4 Control in the Physical Model
6.4.1 Process Control Physical Model
6.4.2 The Control Part of Controlled Equipment
6.4.3 Abstract Communication Problem
6.4.4 Control Communications Models
6.5 Summary
Bibliography
Index
1818_07
Front Matter
Table of Contents
7. 88 Batch Control Concepts, Part 1
7.1 Structure for Batch Control
7.1.1 Basic Control
7.1.2 Procedural Control
7.1.3 Coordination Control
7.2 Equipment Entities
7.2.1 Relationship Model
7.2.2 Control in Equipment Entities
7.2.3 Structuring Equipment Entities
7.3 Summary
Bibliography
Index
1818_08
Front Matter
Table of Contents
8. 88 Batch Control Concepts, Part 2
8.1 Recipes
8.1.1 Recipe Types
8.1.2 Recipe Contents
8.1.3 Recipe-Equipment Relationship
8.1.4 Recipe Transportability
8.2 Summary
Bibliography
Index
1818_09
Front Matter
Table of Contents
9. 88 Batch Control Concepts, Part 3
9.1 Production Plans and Schedules
9.2 Production Information
9.2.1 Batch-Specific Information
9.2.2 Common Information
9.2.3 Batch History
9.2.4 Batch Reports
9.3 Allocation and Arbitration
9.3.1 Allocation
9.3.2 Arbitration
9.4 Modes and States
9.4.1 Modes
9.4.2 States
9.5 Exception Handling
9.6 Summary
Bibliography
Index
1818_10
Front Matter
Table of Contents
10. 88 Perspective and Review
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Before SP88
10.2.1 Purdue Workshop WG4
10.2.2 NAMUR
10.2.3 Batch Control Systems
10.2.4 Computer Integrated Manufacturing
10.2.5 Purdue Reference Model
10.3 During SP88
10.3.1 The Equipment
10.3.2 The Procedure
10.3.3 The Formula
10.3.4 The Recipe
10.3.5 Production Plans and Schedules
10.3.6 Production Information
10.3.7 Arbitration and Allocation
10.3.8 Modes and States
10.3.9 Exception Handling
10.4 Summary
Bibliography
Index
1818_11
Front Matter
Table of Contents
11. 88 Control Activities and Functions, Part 1
11.1 Control Activities
11.1.1 Control Activity Model
11.1.2 Information Handling
11.1.3 Process and Control Engineering
11.2 Recipe Management
11.2.1 Manage General Recipes
11.2.2 Define General Recipe Procedural Elements
11.2.3 Manage Site Recipes
11.2.4 Manage Master Recipes
11.2.5 Define Master Recipe Procedural Elements
11.3 Production Planning and Scheduling
11.4 Production Information Management
11.4.1 Receiving and Storing Batch History Information
11.4.2 Manipulating Historical Data
11.4.3 Producing Batch Reports
11.5 Summary
Bibliography
Index
1818_12
Front Matter
Table of Contents
12. 88 Control Activities and Functions, Part 2
12.1 Process Management
12.1.1 Manage Batches
12.1.2 Manage Process Cell Resources
12.1.3 Collect Batch and Process Information
12.2 Unit Supervision
12.2.1 Acquire and Execute Procedural Elements
12.2.2 Manage Unit Resources
12.2.3 Collect Batch and Unit Information
12.3 Process Control
12.3.1 Execute Equipment Phases
12.3.2 Execute Basic Control
12.3.3 Collect Data
12.4 Personnel and Environmental Protection
12.5 Summary
Bibliography
Index
1818_13
Front Matter
Table of Contents
13. 88 Definitions
13.1 Definitions
13.2 Other Definitions
13.3 Summary
Bibliography
Index
1818_14
Front Matter
Table of Contents
14. Further 88 Clarifications
14.1 Definitions
14.2 Physical Model
14.2.1 Modules Revisited
14.3 Batch Control Concepts
14.3.1 Modules and Phases
14.3.2 Equipment Entities and the Purdue Reference Model
14.3.3 Exception Handling
14.3.4 Modes and States
14.3.5 Recipe Operations
14.3.6 Alternative to Unit Procedures
14.3.7 The Agitator Problem
14.3.8 The Common Valve Problem
14.4 Batch Control Activities
14.4.1 Recipe Translation
14.4.2 Executing Procedural Elements
14.4.3 Recipe Computations
14.4.4 Operator Interaction
14.5 Procedure Function Charts
14.6 A Word About Control Systems
14.6.1 Data Owner
14.6.2 Programming Languages
14.6.3 Displays
14.7 Summary
Bibliography
Index
1818_15
Front Matter
Table of Contents
15. Generic 88 Implementation
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Designing Batch Process Control
15.2.1 Know Process Design
15.2.2 Know How to Operate
15.2.3 Know Modules, Phases
15.2.4 Know Normal Operations
15.2.5 Know Exceptions
15.2.6 Know All There Is to Know
15.3 Summary
Bibliography
Index
1818_16
Front Matter
Table of Contents
16. Role of 95 and Other Things
16.1 Joining 95 and 88
16.1.1 Interfaces
16.1.2 Missing Interfaces
16.2 The Role of STEP
16.3 Expanding the Scope of 88
16.3.1 Why Expand 88
16.3.2 Features of 88
16.3.3 Back to 95
16.4 Fieldbus
16.4.1 History
16.4.2 Future for Batch Control
16.4.3 Control in the Field
16.4.4 User-Defined Function Blocks
16.5 Summary
Bibliography
Index
1818_indx
Front Matter
Table of Contents
Index
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
L
M
N
O
P
R
S
T
U
V
W
