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Dissections of thoracic and abdominal hypaxial muscles
Anteriolateral view
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Dissections of lateral muscle layers of thoracic and abdominal wall
Posterior view upper left, Lateral view upper center, Posterolateral view all others
Thoracic and Abdominal Hypaxial Muscles
Again we would have you notice the rarely described deep lamina of the external oblique muscle. Notice its continuity with
the external intercostal muscles, while the superfi cial lamina of the external oblique interdigitates with the serratus anterior
muscle. Also note the similar fi ber orientations of the intercostal muscles and their homologues in the abdominal wall.
The photos of the diaphragm on the opposite page clearly reveal the continuity of this internal layer muscle with its internal
homologue in the abdomen – the transversus abdominis muscle.
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tegmen tympani 56
tela submucosa 295, 304, 310
temporal bone 36, 38, 40, 42, 44, 47, 49
temporal branches 226
temporal fascia 145, 147, 227, 228
temporal lobe of cerebrum 224, 234, 236, 242, 245, 250, 271, 272
temporal process 65
temporalis 146, 148, 155, 177, 228, 277, 291
temporoparietalis 145, 146
tendinous arch of levator ani 331
tendinous intersection 170, 177
tendon 19, 24
tendon 24
tendon of insertion 140
tendon of origin 140
tensor fasciae latae 170, 173, 197, 199, 201, 202, 218
tensor veli palatini 151
tentorium cerebelli 242, 248
teres major 160, 163, 173, 178, 180, 182, 184, 186, 187, 217, 275
teres minor 178, 180, 182, 184, 187
testicular blood vessels 331
testicular vein 281
testis 259, 311, 318, 331, 333
thalamus 227, 236, 245, 250, 252
the mesentery partially dissected to reveal vessels 311
theca folliculi 324
thenar muscles 177
third ventricle 224, 241, 242, 245, 248
thoracic aorta 173
thoracic dorsal rootlets 214
thoracic intertransversarii muscle 164
thoracic kyphosis 73
thoracic lymphatic duct 278
thoracic vertebra 34, 73, 173
thoracoacromial trunk 275
thoracodorsal artery 275
thoracodorsal nerve 217
thoracolumbar fascia 164, 178, 184
thrombocyte (platelet) 14, 262
thymic corpuscle 253
thymic cortex 253
thymic medulla 253
thymus 253
thyro-arytenoid 156
thyro-epiglottic part of thyro-arytenoid 156
thyrocervical trunk 275
thyroglobulin (tgb) 254
thyrohyiod muscle 168
thyrohyoid 147, 149, 167, 184, 216, 229, 254, 293
thyrohyoid membrane 156
thyroid cartilage 147, 149, 151, 156, 168, 213, 254, 293, 295
thyroid follicle 254
thyroid gland 168, 223, 268, 269, 271, 293
tibia 30, 32, 104, 124, 136, 205, 206
tibial collateral ligament 136
tibial tuberosity 111
tibialis anterior 142, 197, 205, 206, 210
tibialis posterior 207
tongue 153, 227, 229, 251, 252, 291, 303, 311
tonsil 240
torus tubarius 155, 227, 291
trabecula 26, 253, 303, 308, 332
trabeculae carnae 264
trabecular bone 26, 29
trachea 151, 153, 156, 168, 180, 223, 254,268, 269, 278, 293,295, 298, 301, 311
tragicus 147, 149
transitional epithelium of tunica mucosa 317, 318
transversalis fascia 170
transverse arytenoid 153, 156
transverse carpal ligament 276
transverse cervical nerves 221
transverse collagen fi bers 21
transverse colon 281, 301, 310, 311, 312
transverse costal facet 76
transverse cutaneous nerve 216
transverse facial artery 271
transverse fi ssure of cerebrum 234
transverse fi ssure of lung 297
transverse foramen 74
transverse mesocolon 301, 311, 312
transverse occipital sulcus 238
transverse perenei superfi cialis 327
transverse process 74, 76, 77
transverse ridges 78
transverse sinus 214, 248, 272
transversus abdominis 159, 163, 167, 170, 173, 199, 201, 202, 220, 222
transversus menti 145, 149, 155
transversus muscle 147, 155
transversus nuchae 148, 163
trapezium 97, 99
trapezius 142, 147, 149, 163, 164, 168, 170, 173, 177, 178, 180,184
trapezoid 97, 99
trapezoid line 86
triceps brachii 134, 140, 142, 160, 173, 177, 178, 180, 182, 184, 186, 187, 190, 276
tricuspid valve 264
trigeminal ganglion 224
trigeminal impression 56
trigeminal nerve 224, 248, 271
trigeminal tubercle 241
triquetrum 97, 99
trochanteric fossa 109
trochlea 90, 121
trochlea of phalanx 101
trochlea of talus 116
trochlear nerve 224, 241, 245
trochlear notch 92
trochlear spine 50
true ribs 81
tuber 240
tuber cinereum 241
tubercle 81
tubercle of trapezium 99
tuberculum of crest 106
tuberculum sellae 58
tuberosity 118
tuberosity for coracoclavicular ligament 86
tuberosity of distal phalanx of hand 121
tuberosity of distal phalanx of foot 101
tuberosity of fi ft h metatarsal 120
tuberosity of fi rst metatarsal 120
tuberosity of serratus anterior (second rib) 81
tunica adventitia 295, 304
tunica albuginea 259, 324
tunica albuginea of corpus cavernosum 333
tunica albuginea of corpus spongiosum 333
tunica albuginea of testis 329
tunica muscularis circular layer 304
tunica muscularis longitudinal layer 304
tympanic canaliculus 56
tympanic cavity 242
tympanic ring 56
tympanomastoid fi ssure 56
U
ulna 30, 32, 84, 193
ulnar artery 188, 276
ulnar diaphysis 27
ulnar epiphysis 27
ulnar nerve 217
ulnar notch 94
ulnar styloid process 92
ulnar tuberosity 92
umbilicus 177
uncinate process 64
uncinate process of pancreas 308
upper bands of sacral plexus 218, 282
upper subscapular nerve 217
ureter 222, 256, 281, 314, 316, 320, 331
urethra 258, 318, 323, 326
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uterine artery 282
uterine tube 258, 323, 325
uterus 258, 282, 318, 324
uvula 227, 240
V
vagina 258, 318, 323, 325, 326
vaginal artery 282
vaginal process 58
vagus nerve 168, 216, 222, 224, 241, 245, 254, 268, 269, 272, 293, 304
valve of inferior vena cava 264
vastus intermedius 199, 201, 284
vastus lateralis 135, 284, 197, 201, 202, 205
vastus medialis 142, 197, 201, 284
vein 303
vein with red blood cells (rbc) 295
venous valves 266
ventral horn of gray matter 232
ventral ramus 213
ventral root of spinal nerve 213, 232
ventral rootlets 213
venule 255
vermiform appendix 310
vertebral artery 213, 242, 271, 272, 275
vertebral body 74, 76, 77, 272, 291
vertebral column 30, 32, 303, 311
vertebral foramen 74
vertical muscle 155
vesicouterine pouch 323, 326
vestibular area 241
vestibule 327
vestibulocochlear nerve 224, 241, 242, 245
villi 302
visceral pericardium 264
vocalis muscle 213
vomer 36, 40, 44, 47
vomerine crest of choana 67
vomerine groove 67
W
white blood cells 266
white communicating ramus 222
X
xiphoid process 82
Z
zona fasciculata of cortex 256
zona glomerulosa of cortex 256
zona pellucida 324
zona reticularis of cortex 256
zone of calcifi ed cartilage 27
zone of hypertrophied cartilage 27
zone of proliferating cartilage 27
zone of resting cartilage 27
zygomatic arch 38, 44, 151, 271
zygomatic bone 36, 38, 40, 42, 44
zygomatic process 56, 60
zygomatico-orbital foramen 65
zygomaticofacial foramen 65
zygomaticotemporal foramen 65
zygomaticus major 145, 146, 149, 227
zygomaticus minor 145, 149
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Dissections of thoracic and abdominal hypaxial muscles
Anteriolateral view
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Dissections of lateral muscle layers of thoracic and abdominal wall
Posterior view upper left, Lateral view upper center, Posterolateral view all others
Thoracic and Abdominal Hypaxial Muscles
Again we would have you notice the rarely described deep lamina of the external oblique muscle. Notice its continuity with
the external intercostal muscles, while the superfi cial lamina of the external oblique interdigitates with the serratus anterior
muscle. Also note the similar fi ber orientations of the intercostal muscles and their homologues in the abdominal wall.
The photos of the diaphragm on the opposite page clearly reveal the continuity of this internal layer muscle with its internal
homologue in the abdomen – the transversus abdominis muscle.
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tegmen tympani 56
tela submucosa 295, 304, 310
temporal bone 36, 38, 40, 42, 44, 47, 49
temporal branches 226
temporal fascia 145, 147, 227, 228
temporal lobe of cerebrum 224, 234, 236, 242, 245, 250, 271, 272
temporal process 65
temporalis 146, 148, 155, 177, 228, 277, 291
temporoparietalis 145, 146
tendinous arch of levator ani 331
tendinous intersection 170, 177
tendon 19, 24
tendon 24
tendon of insertion 140
tendon of origin 140
tensor fasciae latae 170, 173, 197, 199, 201, 202, 218
tensor veli palatini 151
tentorium cerebelli 242, 248
teres major 160, 163, 173, 178, 180, 182, 184, 186, 187, 217, 275
teres minor 178, 180, 182, 184, 187
testicular blood vessels 331
testicular vein 281
testis 259, 311, 318, 331, 333
thalamus 227, 236, 245, 250, 252
the mesentery partially dissected to reveal vessels 311
theca folliculi 324
thenar muscles 177
third ventricle 224, 241, 242, 245, 248
thoracic aorta 173
thoracic dorsal rootlets 214
thoracic intertransversarii muscle 164
thoracic kyphosis 73
thoracic lymphatic duct 278
thoracic vertebra 34, 73, 173
thoracoacromial trunk 275
thoracodorsal artery 275
thoracodorsal nerve 217
thoracolumbar fascia 164, 178, 184
thrombocyte (platelet) 14, 262
thymic corpuscle 253
thymic cortex 253
thymic medulla 253
thymus 253
thyro-arytenoid 156
thyro-epiglottic part of thyro-arytenoid 156
thyrocervical trunk 275
thyroglobulin (tgb) 254
thyrohyiod muscle 168
thyrohyoid 147, 149, 167, 184, 216, 229, 254, 293
thyrohyoid membrane 156
thyroid cartilage 147, 149, 151, 156, 168, 213, 254, 293, 295
thyroid follicle 254
thyroid gland 168, 223, 268, 269, 271, 293
tibia 30, 32, 104, 124, 136, 205, 206
tibial collateral ligament 136
tibial tuberosity 111
tibialis anterior 142, 197, 205, 206, 210
tibialis posterior 207
tongue 153, 227, 229, 251, 252, 291, 303, 311
tonsil 240
torus tubarius 155, 227, 291
trabecula 26, 253, 303, 308, 332
trabeculae carnae 264
trabecular bone 26, 29
trachea 151, 153, 156, 168, 180, 223, 254,268, 269, 278, 293,295, 298, 301, 311
tragicus 147, 149
transitional epithelium of tunica mucosa 317, 318
transversalis fascia 170
transverse arytenoid 153, 156
transverse carpal ligament 276
transverse cervical nerves 221
transverse collagen fi bers 21
transverse colon 281, 301, 310, 311, 312
transverse costal facet 76
transverse cutaneous nerve 216
transverse facial artery 271
transverse fi ssure of cerebrum 234
transverse fi ssure of lung 297
transverse foramen 74
transverse mesocolon 301, 311, 312
transverse occipital sulcus 238
transverse perenei superfi cialis 327
transverse process 74, 76, 77
transverse ridges 78
transverse sinus 214, 248, 272
transversus abdominis 159, 163, 167, 170, 173, 199, 201, 202, 220, 222
transversus menti 145, 149, 155
transversus muscle 147, 155
transversus nuchae 148, 163
trapezium 97, 99
trapezius 142, 147, 149, 163, 164, 168, 170, 173, 177, 178, 180,184
trapezoid 97, 99
trapezoid line 86
triceps brachii 134, 140, 142, 160, 173, 177, 178, 180, 182, 184, 186, 187, 190, 276
tricuspid valve 264
trigeminal ganglion 224
trigeminal impression 56
trigeminal nerve 224, 248, 271
trigeminal tubercle 241
triquetrum 97, 99
trochanteric fossa 109
trochlea 90, 121
trochlea of phalanx 101
trochlea of talus 116
trochlear nerve 224, 241, 245
trochlear notch 92
trochlear spine 50
true ribs 81
tuber 240
tuber cinereum 241
tubercle 81
tubercle of trapezium 99
tuberculum of crest 106
tuberculum sellae 58
tuberosity 118
tuberosity for coracoclavicular ligament 86
tuberosity of distal phalanx of hand 121
tuberosity of distal phalanx of foot 101
tuberosity of fi ft h metatarsal 120
tuberosity of fi rst metatarsal 120
tuberosity of serratus anterior (second rib) 81
tunica adventitia 295, 304
tunica albuginea 259, 324
tunica albuginea of corpus cavernosum 333
tunica albuginea of corpus spongiosum 333
tunica albuginea of testis 329
tunica muscularis circular layer 304
tunica muscularis longitudinal layer 304
tympanic canaliculus 56
tympanic cavity 242
tympanic ring 56
tympanomastoid fi ssure 56
U
ulna 30, 32, 84, 193
ulnar artery 188, 276
ulnar diaphysis 27
ulnar epiphysis 27
ulnar nerve 217
ulnar notch 94
ulnar styloid process 92
ulnar tuberosity 92
umbilicus 177
uncinate process 64
uncinate process of pancreas 308
upper bands of sacral plexus 218, 282
upper subscapular nerve 217
ureter 222, 256, 281, 314, 316, 320, 331
urethra 258, 318, 323, 326
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uterine artery 282
uterine tube 258, 323, 325
uterus 258, 282, 318, 324
uvula 227, 240
V
vagina 258, 318, 323, 325, 326
vaginal artery 282
vaginal process 58
vagus nerve 168, 216, 222, 224, 241, 245, 254, 268, 269, 272, 293, 304
valve of inferior vena cava 264
vastus intermedius 199, 201, 284
vastus lateralis 135, 284, 197, 201, 202, 205
vastus medialis 142, 197, 201, 284
vein 303
vein with red blood cells (rbc) 295
venous valves 266
ventral horn of gray matter 232
ventral ramus 213
ventral root of spinal nerve 213, 232
ventral rootlets 213
venule 255
vermiform appendix 310
vertebral artery 213, 242, 271, 272, 275
vertebral body 74, 76, 77, 272, 291
vertebral column 30, 32, 303, 311
vertebral foramen 74
vertical muscle 155
vesicouterine pouch 323, 326
vestibular area 241
vestibule 327
vestibulocochlear nerve 224, 241, 242, 245
villi 302
visceral pericardium 264
vocalis muscle 213
vomer 36, 40, 44, 47
vomerine crest of choana 67
vomerine groove 67
W
white blood cells 266
white communicating ramus 222
X
xiphoid process 82
Z
zona fasciculata of cortex 256
zona glomerulosa of cortex 256
zona pellucida 324
zona reticularis of cortex 256
zone of calcifi ed cartilage 27
zone of hypertrophied cartilage 27
zone of proliferating cartilage 27
zone of resting cartilage 27
zygomatic arch 38, 44, 151, 271
zygomatic bone 36, 38, 40, 42, 44
zygomatic process 56, 60
zygomatico-orbital foramen 65
zygomaticofacial foramen 65
zygomaticotemporal foramen 65
zygomaticus major 145, 146, 149, 227
zygomaticus minor 145, 149
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